Bone Cancer
Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the cells of the bones. There are several types, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, each affecting different types of bone tissue. Bone cancer may be primary (originating in the bone) or secondary (cancer that has spread to the bone from other parts of the body, known as bone metastases). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. At Burjeel Cancer Institute, we provide comprehensive care for bone cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and limb-sparing procedures.
Common Symptoms of Bone Cancer include
- Persistent bone pain that worsens over time
- Swelling or tenderness near the affected bone
- Fractures due to weakened bones
- Fatigue or unexplained weight loss
- Reduced mobility or limping
- Swelling or lumps over a bone
Risk Factors for bone cancer include
Age
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are more common in children and young adults, while chondrosarcoma is more common in adults over 40
Radiation Exposure
Previous radiation therapy increases the risk of developing bone cancer
Inherited Genetic Conditions
Certain inherited syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, increase the risk of bone cancer
Paget’s Disease of Bone
This condition, which causes abnormal bone growth, increases the risk of bone cancer in older adults
Bone Marrow Transplant
Patients who have undergone a bone marrow transplant may have a higher risk of developing bone cancer
Diagnostic Procedures
Accurate diagnosis is key to determining the most appropriate treatment for bone cancer. At Burjeel Cancer Institute, we offer a range of diagnostic tools, including:
X-Rays
Often the first imaging test used to detect abnormal bone growths or masses
CT Scan and MRI
Advanced imaging to assess the size and extent of the tumor, as well as whether the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or organs
Bone Scan
A nuclear imaging test that detects abnormalities in the bones by using a small amount of radioactive material
PET-CT Scan
Combines positron emission tomography and computed tomography to detect cancer spread to other parts of the body
Biopsy
A sample of tissue is taken from the bone tumor to confirm the diagnosis and identify the type of bone cancer
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
- Limb-Sparing Surgery: For many bone cancers, the tumor can be removed while preserving the limb. Reconstruction with bone grafts or metal implants may be performed after the tumor is removed.
- Amputation: In some cases where limb-sparing surgery is not possible, amputation may be necessary to completely remove the cancer and prevent its spread.
- Pelvic and Spinal Surgery: Specialized surgeries to remove tumors in complex areas like the pelvis and spine while preserving function.
Targeted Therapy
- Targeted Therapy: Drugs like denosumab may be used in certain types of bone cancers, such as giant cell tumors, to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy: While not commonly used for bone cancer, certain types of immunotherapy may be explored in clinical trials for patients with specific genetic markers or advanced cases.
Radiation Therapy
- External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): High-energy radiation is used to target and destroy cancer cells, especially in cases where surgery is not possible or in combination with other treatments.
- Proton Beam Therapy: This type of radiation delivers precise doses of radiation to the tumor, sparing surrounding healthy tissue, and is particularly useful in treating bone cancer in sensitive areas like the spine or pelvis.
Chemotherapy
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is often given before surgery to shrink the tumor and increase the chances of successful surgery.
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy: After surgery, chemotherapy is used to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Systemic Chemotherapy: Drugs such as methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin are commonly used in the treatment of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.
Surgical Treatment
- Limb-Sparing Surgery: For many bone cancers, the tumor can be removed while preserving the limb. Reconstruction with bone grafts or metal implants may be performed after the tumor is removed.
- Amputation: In some cases where limb-sparing surgery is not possible, amputation may be necessary to completely remove the cancer and prevent its spread.
- Pelvic and Spinal Surgery: Specialized surgeries to remove tumors in complex areas like the pelvis and spine while preserving function.
Multidisciplinary Approach
Bone cancer care at Burjeel Cancer Institute involves collaboration among a team of specialists, ensuring that every aspect of the patient's care is addressed. Our team includes:
- Orthopedic Oncologists
- Medical Oncologists
- Radiation Oncologists
- Pediatric Oncologists (for pediatric bone cancer)
- Reconstructive Surgeons
- Radiologists
- Pathologists
- Oncology Nurses
- Physical Therapists
- Palliative Care Specialists
This multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive comprehensive and personalized care at every stage of their treatment
Supportive Care and Patient Services
Physical Rehabilitation
After surgery, especially after limb-sparing surgery or amputation, rehabilitation is crucial to help patients regain strength, mobility, and function
Prosthetics and Orthotics
For patients undergoing amputation, we offer access to advanced prosthetics and orthotics to improve mobility and quality of life
Pain Management
A comprehensive pain management plan is essential for bone cancer patients, particularly those undergoing surgery or radiation therapy
Palliative Care
Symptom management and quality-of-life support for patients with advanced or metastatic bone cancer
Psychosocial Support
Counseling services to help patients and their families cope with the emotional and psychological challenges of a bone cancer diagnosis
Nutritional Counseling
Tailored dietary advice to help patients maintain strength and manage side effects during chemotherapy or surgery
Survivorship Program
Ongoing care and monitoring for patients who have completed treatment, focusing on long-term health and recurrence prevention
Meet Our Experts
Patient Journey
Initial Consultation
A comprehensive evaluation with the bone cancer care team, including diagnostic imaging and tests to assess the extent of the disease
Personalized Treatment Plan
Based on the patient’s diagnosis, preferences, and overall health, a customized treatment plan is developed
Treatment and Support
Patients undergo surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, supported by a multidisciplinary team and personalized supportive care services
Follow-Up Care
After treatment, patients receive regular follow-ups to monitor their recovery, assess treatment response, and manage long-term health concerns
